What are "derivatives" in the context of financial investments?

Derivatives are financial contracts whose value is based on the performance of an underlying asset, index, or rate. This allows investors to speculate on the future price movements of the underlying asset without the need to purchase it outright. Common types of derivatives include options and futures contracts. By using derivatives, investors can hedge against risks or leverage positions to gain greater exposure to asset price movements. The essence of derivatives lies in their dependence on another asset, which distinguishes them from traditional securities like stocks and bonds. This relationship with underlying assets is what makes option B the correct choice in this context.